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Chapter 1 Social Studies • History and Geography
Day 01...3
History and Culture
Clues from the Past
Day 02...7
The American Government
Three Important American Documents
Day 03...11
The Election System of the United States
The American Presidential Election System
Day 04...15
The American Civil War
The Civil War
Day 05...19
Post-Civil War
Reconstruction
Day 06...23
The Nation Grows
Industrialization and Urbanization
Day 07...27
War and Revolution
The Age of Imperialism
Day 08...31
World War II
World War II
Wrap-Up Test 1...35
Chapter 2 Science
Day 09...39
Living Things and Their Environments
Interactions among Living Things
Day 10...43
How Do Ecosystems Change?
Biomes and Ecological Succession
Day 11...47
Earths Surface
Earths Changing Crust
Day 12...51
Earths Atmosphere
What Makes Up the Atmosphere?
Day 13...55
The Properties and Structure of Matter
Atoms, Elements and Compounds
Day 14...59
Matter and How It Changes
Mixtures and Solutions
Day 15...63
The Human Body
The Stages of Growth in the Human Body
Wrap-Up Test 2...67
Chapter 3 Mathematics • Language • Visual Arts • Music
Day 16...71
Computation
The Order of Operations and Inverse Operations
Day 17...75
Probability and Statistics
Ratios, Percents and Probabilities
Day 18...79
Stories, Myths and Legends
Echo and Narcissus
Day 19...83
Learning about Language
Common Mistakes in English
Day 20...87
The Renaissance
The Rebirth of the Arts
Day 21...91
Musical Instructions
Italian for Composers
Wrap-Up Test 3...95
Answers and Translations...99
Word List...117

Day 01 History and Culture
Visual Preview How do historians and archaeologists study the past?
Historians often spend their time studying primary and secondary sources.
Archaeologists examine artifacts and remains for clues about the past.
Archaeologists visit ruins of ancient buildings to see how people used to live.
Vocabulary Preview | Write the correct word next to its meaning.
timeline archaeologist historian eyewitness artifact
1. _____: a person who studies history or the past
2. _____: a person who studies the remains of past human cultures
3. _____: a person who was present at an event
4. _____: a diagram of events arranged in order according to when they happened
5. _____: a man-made object from a past culture or civilization
Clues from the Past
History is the study of people, places and events from the past. We study history to learn about the past.
Experts, such as historians and archaeologists, help us understand the past. To learn about life from long ago, they examine clues and records from people in the past. How do they do this? Historians use both primary sources and secondary sources. A primary source is material written at the time an event happened. It is often written by a person who was an eyewitness to the event. Primary sources can be books, diaries, reports, official documents and photographs. A secondary source is material written based on primary sources. Some historians also study oral history. This is a collection of stories that are told and passed down from one generation to the next.
What happens when there is no record or written history left behind? That is where archaeologists are needed. They examine artifacts. These are man-made objects used by past civilizations. Historical artifacts include tools, pottery, clothes, jewelry and even paintings. Archaeologists also study human remains, such as bones and hair. There are many ruins of ancient buildings for them to study as well. All of these contribute to archaeologists learning how people lived in the past.
Many historians often make timelines to list events in history. Timelines show the dates that various events occurred and let historians see the order of past events. On many timelines, there are sometimes the abbreviations B.C. and A.D. after dates. B.C. stands for “before Christ”. A.D. stands for “anno Domini”. That is Latin for “years after the birth of Christ”.
Nowadays, historians have access to many modern technologies. This makes studying the past much easier. Many primary sources have been translated and published in books or on CD-ROMs. Other books, such as encyclopedias, almanacs and atlases provide much information, too. Studying the past has never been easier than today.